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Table of Contents
About The Book
Named a Best Book of 2023 by Book Riot, Shelf Awareness, and NPR
The Martian meets 127 Hours in this “astoundingly great” (Gillian Flynn, #1 New York Times bestselling author) and scientifically accurate thriller about a scuba diver who’s been swallowed by an eighty-foot, sixty-ton sperm whale and has only one hour to escape before his oxygen runs out.
Jay Gardiner has given himself a fool’s errand—to find the remains of his deceased father in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Monastery Beach. He knows it’s a long shot, but Jay feels it’s the only way for him to lift the weight of guilt he has carried since his dad’s death by suicide the previous year.
The dive begins well enough, but the sudden appearance of a giant squid puts Jay in very real jeopardy, made infinitely worse by the arrival of a sperm whale looking to feed. Suddenly, Jay is caught in the squid’s tentacles and drawn into the whale’s mouth where he is pulled into the first of its four stomachs. He quickly realizes he has only one hour before his oxygen tanks run out—one hour to defeat his demons and escape the belly of a whale.
Suspenseful and cinematic, Whalefall is an “powerfully humane” (Owen King, New York Times bestselling author) thriller about a young man who has given up on life…only to find a reason to live in the most dangerous and unlikely of places.
Reading Group Guide
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Whalefall
by Daniel Kraus
About the Book
When Jay sets out on a recovery mission, alone in the vast ocean, he will find a universe that connects him to his past, present, and future. Ultimately, Jay finds that running away from his failed relationship with his father will lead him back to the open waters of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Monastery Beach. In an attempt to redeem and mend the fractured relationships in his life, Jay will face insurmountable challenges of survival that will surpass his adolescent anger and resentment.
Can the depths of the ocean provide him with a lifeline of love and hope? Can he put his pride aside and listen to the universe around him? Can he ascend the depths, or will he drown with the ghost of his past?
Prereading Questions: The following questions may be used to foster student motivation, to activate prior knowledge and/or experiences, to help readers engage with the text, and to increase comprehension and intentional/purposeful reading.
1. Do parents have an obligation to get parenting “right”? Why or why not?
2. Do children have a responsibility to conform to parental expectations? Why or why not?
3. When you think about the statement “survival of the fittest,” what are the first associations that come to mind? Is there more than one type of survival? Explain your responses.
4. What is the difference between survival and life?
5. What is something on this planet that you don’t want to lose?
6. What does the title of the book suggest or mean to a reader?
Discussion Questions: The following questions may be utilized throughout the study of Whalefall as targeted questions for discussion and reflection; or, alternatively, they can be used as reflective writing prompts.
1. Describe Jay’s upbringing, including his efforts to protect himself from his family dynamic. How did his relationship with his mother and sisters contribute to the relationship he had with his father? Explain your answers with evidence from the text.
2. Compare and contrast Jay’s personality with that of his father, Mitt Gardiner.
3. How would you characterize the father/son relationship? Explain your answers with evidence from the text.
4. When Jay’s father explains the beauty and ferocity of the ocean, he tells Jay, “‘Someday, in some way you can’t imagine, one of these so-called stupid facts is going to save your stupid life.’” In what way does this come to fruition? Support your answer from the text.
5. How is Jay’s family impacted by his absence from home and by his lack of care for his father?
6. Why is Mitt Gardiner a gruff and distant father? How does he deal with Jay’s emotional responses to life experiences? Is Mitt justified in his approach to teaching Jay life lessons? Is Jay justified in his emotional and physical distance from his father?
7. How do Jay’s father, mother, and sisters, and Hewey, save Jay’s life as he struggles to survive his own whale fall?
8. In the abyss of the ocean with death looming, Kraus sets the stage for a reconciliation through trial by fire for Jay. How does this journey into the depths help Jay better understand his father and his own life? How does it help him come to know himself better?
9. In what way is the whale a symbol in the story?
10. What does Jay learn about his own family—especially his father—through recalled memories? How does this information impact him?
11. Throughout the story, Jay doesn’t understand his father and his deep connection with the ocean. He is resentful of the love Mitt has for the depths below, angry to not receive his attention. He describes Mitt as “godless,” but as Jay encounters and experiences the universe below, he comes to appreciate the beauty and terror of what lies beneath—“A ship of gods from primordial tar . . . a comma in a sentence so large only gods can read it.” How does Jay’s experience bring acceptance and understanding of his father’s belief that “‘heaven’s out there’”?
12. Mitt carries a copy of Steinbeck’s Cannery Row like “his source of workaday psalms” by story’s end. How does Mitt’s connection with the book lead Jay toward forgiveness and love?
13. As Jay navigates through the whale, the reference to a “storm” as a metaphor for pain and survival is a powerful form of imagery for the reader. “Two currents crashing . . . Suffer our own storms . . . Do the storms have to kill us?” How is a storm a fitting metaphor for Jay’s life and his relationship with his father?
14. Jay’s self-loathing and the idealization of his father by the locals in the beginning of the story affects the reader’s perception of both characters. What specific words and events account for Jay’s feelings, and how do they change as the story progresses? How does our perception change as Jay’s feelings evolve?
15. What do you think Jay learns about being a son over the course of the novel?
16. What roles do the heavens (space) and earth play in the novel?
17. Throughout the novel, there is a need for Jay to tell and retell the past. How does the novel deal with the thematic ideas of remembering and forgetting? Do you think there is a right choice between dwelling on the past and/or leaving it behind?
18. The natural world plays a significant role in the novel. How does the area of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Monastery Beach correlate to Jay’s relationship with his father?
19. In the novel, Jay’s quest is beyond the dive; he also goes through a journey of self-discovery. While traversing physical space, he also occupies mental space. How is his whale fall a reflection on the similarities between physical and mental space?
20. How does Kraus weave the theme of man versus nature throughout the novel? How does religion play into this theme?
21. How does the novel’s time line reflect the human experience of reflecting on the past and projecting the fate of the future? What character shifts were captured in those time sequences?
22. What can we discern about the survival artifacts that Jay discovers in moments of most need? How does this mirror his father’s belief that “the closer to naked you are, the better, the safer, the realer”?
23. Trusting someone can lead to both life and death. What if the only person you can trust is yourself? What kind of trust does Jay put in his oceanographic knowledge and remembered life lessons in order to survive?
24. The death of Mitt Gardiner, Jay’s father, acts as a catalyst in the novel. How do Jay’s feelings of shame, guilt, disappointment, and anger affect his experience both physically and mentally?
25. From the onset, Jay wrestles with living in the shadow of the “revered Mitt Gardiner, local legend.” How does Jay’s journey help him to move past self-condemnation to establish self-worth and put himself in the forefront of his own life?
26. What influence does Jay’s father have on his life choices? How does the novel explore the architecture of the family and how emotional and physical trauma can lead to the disintegration of the family unit?
27. The novel starts and ends with “3000 PSI” and the dreaded “Sleepers, arise!” How does the meaning evolve from start to finish?
28. Reluctantly and begrudgingly, Jay starts to see commonalities with his father. How does Whalefall use time sequence to slowly unravel the process of Jay’s isolation to freedom and self-discovery?
29. How does the character of Hewey play a part in the father/son dynamic? How does his role as a bridge between the two offer Jay a different perspective on his father?
30. Whalefall explores the role of relationships using time and space (setting/environment) to illustrate physical and emotional boundaries. How do these connections tie the reader to Jay and his journey?
Extensions for Writing: Literary focus—tone, flashback/time sequence, protagonist, symbols, themes, and metaphor
1. As a story of death, loss, fear, and destruction, Whalefall has at its heart a number of tragic events both physical and emotional. However, one of the most pervasive elements of the novel is its sarcasm embedded in thought and dialogue. Why do you think the author incorporates this tone? Is it effective?
2. The bulk of this novel is told by Jay Gardiner—in his voice and through his eyes—however, the narrative structure moves from past to present using flashbacks and time sequences of racing the clock as his PSI diminishes. Discuss the effect of and possible reasons for the narrative structure of this novel and how it builds suspense around the protagonist and for the reader.
3. Throughout the novel Kraus implements diametrically opposing symbols and themes, such as:
Light vs. Darkness
Life vs. Death
Loneliness vs. Happiness
Love vs. Hate
Forgiveness vs. Reconciliation
Perception vs. Reality
How do the opposing forces within the text represent plot progression and character development? Use specific examples from the text.
4. How is the whale fall a metaphor for life?
Extensions for Reading: Text-to-text reading extensions help readers determine the relationship and commonalities between what they have read in the past to what they are currently reading as a form of literary analysis.
Cannery Row and The Pearl by John Steinbeck
The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway
Dante’s Inferno by Dante Alighieri
Moby Dick by Herman Melville
Life of Pi by Yann Martel
The parable of “Jonah and the Whale”
Extensions for Viewing: Viewing opportunities for students help teachers illustrate complex ideas and give students the opportunity of exposure to the world outside the classroom.
ACTIVITY TIP: Write a film review.
Objective: Students will build active viewing and writing skills. Students will watch with purpose, apply note-taking skills, and ask questions to develop and draft their film review.
Related Topics for Viewing:
Real Science “The Insane Biology of: The Sperm Whale” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hve8_iSDD-o
“Sperm Whales: Titans of the Deep” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhcFCONHZvA
National Geographic “Experience the Underwater World Through the Eyes of a Free Diver” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L4qM1IEhtNQ
PBS NewsHour Introduction to “The Deepest Breath” - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3mvMMHy-5U
“The Deepest Breath” on Netflix
Extensions for Research: Research opportunities help students build knowledge, skills, and understanding by connecting sources of information with significant topics of interest to improve reflective reading, critical thinking, and dynamic engagement beyond the text.
ACTIVITY TIP: Write your senator or participate in action research
TOPIC: Ocean pollution
Objective: Students will understand audience and purpose, develop evidence-based arguments, create critical responses to cultural and/or historical issues, reflect on the relationship between research and practice.
Research Writing Prompt: Discuss how the author, Daniel Kraus, weaves the theme of cultural exploitation and capitalism throughout the book and the impact it has on man and nature.
Related Topics for Discovery:
Allain, Rhett. “The Physics of Scuba Diving.” WIRED, November 26, 2022. https://www.wired.com/story/the-physics-of-scuba-diving/
Birnbaum, Michael. “There Are 21,000 Pieces of Plastic in the Ocean for Each Person on Earth.” The Washington Post, March 9, 2023. https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2023/03/08/ocean-plastics-pollution-study/
Marine Mammal Center, The. “Sperm Whale.” https://www.marinemammalcenter.org/animal-care/learn-about-marine-mammals/cetaceans/sperm-whale
NASA. “Ocean Worlds.” https://www.nasa.gov/specials/ocean-worlds/
NOAA. “What is a whale fall?” National Ocean Service website.
https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/whale-fall.html
“Support Research to Stop Ocean Pollution.” Ocean Conservancy, April 3, 2017. https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2017/04/03/support-research-to-stop-ocean-pollution/
Younger, Ben. “The Holy Shiver.” FLYING Magazine, June 21, 2021. https://www.flyingmag.com/leading-edge-holy-shiver/
Guide written by Dr. Christine DeLaGarza, an adjunct professor of English at Del Mar College. Dr. DeLaGarza holds a Ph.D. in Curriculum & Instruction with an emphasis in Literary Studies with twenty years of experience teaching Secondary English.
Product Details
- Publisher: MTV Books (September 10, 2024)
- Length: 336 pages
- ISBN13: 9781665918176
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Raves and Reviews
"Whalefall is a rare thing: a page-turning, hold-your-breath, man-vs-nature thrill ride, but also a gripping exploration of the unnavigable relationship between parent and child. It's an anguished cry from the depths of that struggle. Bravo!"
– Christopher Golden, New York Times bestselling author of Road of Bones and All Hallows
“A crazy, and crazily enjoyable, beat-the-clock adventure story about fathers, sons, guilt and the mysteries of the sea . . . [Kraus] brings the rigor of a scientist and the sensibility of a poet to his descriptions of the undersea world.”—New York Times
“This gripping sci-fi thriller from bestseller Kraus takes readers quite literally into the belly of the beast […] Kraus provides solid nautical science alongside the stretchy coincidences that fuel Jay’s survival. Just on the brink of horror fiction, especially for the claustrophobic, Kraus’s deep-sea thrill ride will have readers on the edges of their seats.”—Publishers Weekly
"A moving character study disguised as a riveting, cinematic survival thriller...The pacing is relentless, the awe astounding, and the tension palpably constricting, even as Kraus takes time to provide necessary details both scientific and visceral."—Booklist, starred review
"This hard sci-fi thriller is full of cinematic and wild suspense and would be great for fans of Andy Weir."—Library Journal, starred review
“Picture Jack London, but with a more nuanced handling of broken, damaged men.”—Chicago Tribune
“One of the most intense — and moving — stories that will grace the bookstores in 2023…what Daniel Kraus has created here is something that can’t be quantified.”—Cemetery Dance
“An absolute triumph, a masterpiece of suspense, emotion, and flat-out terror…It’s one of this year’s can’t-miss books, and a journey you won’t soon forget.”—Paste Magazine
“Kraus turns the literal guts of this novel into a haunted house, a torture chamber, a church and a uterus for belated rebirth. There is nothing else quite like Whalefall.” —New Scientist
“A brutal, unsparing, wildly uplifting book. The sheer buoyancy had me breathless by the end.”
– Clay McLeod Chapman, author of Ghost Eaters and Wendell & Wild
“Astoundingly great. Whalefall is, quite simply, a beautiful novel—a must-read story of the sea, the nature of awe, and the briny relationships between fathers and sons.”
– Gillian Flynn, #1 New York Times bestselling author
“Brave, bold, epic, propulsive. Whalefall is a deeply moving thriller that holds a planet’s worth of hope in the pit of its stomach.”
– Joshua Ferris, National Book Award finalist
“The primordial nightmare at the core of Whalefall is fantastically gripping. A character study developed in the most intense crucible imaginable, Kraus’s latest novel is smart, surreal, and powerfully humane.”
– Owen King, New York Times bestselling author
"A masterpiece. I haven't felt so alive reading a book in a long, long time."
– Alissa Nutting, author of Made for Love and creator of the HBO Max series
“One of our oldest stories, one of our greatest fears, and one of our most capable writers. Stranger things than being swallowed by a whale have probably happened, but they've rarely been told so well.”
– Stephen Graham Jones, New York Times bestselling author
“Whalefall is a mind-blowing, take-your-breath-away adventure, but it’s also a tender and moving story of the relationship between a father and son. Daniel Kraus is a writer I greatly admire. He can do anything, and does.”
– Dan Chaon, National Book Award finalist and New York TImes bestselling author of Sleepwalk
“Unexpectedly emotional and wildly entertaining, Whalefall is the tense revamp of Jonah’s tale you didn’t know you needed."
– Gabino Iglesias, award-winning author of The Devil Takes You Home
Awards and Honors
- ALA Alex Award
- TX Lariat Reading List
Resources and Downloads
High Resolution Images
- Book Cover Image (jpg): Whalefall Trade Paperback 9781665918176
- Author Photo (jpg): Daniel Kraus Photograph by Suzanne Plunkett(0.1 MB)
Any use of an author photo must include its respective photo credit